The construction for class 10 Maths notes are provided here. These notes help for the revision of concepts for the CBSE Class 10 Board Exams 2021-22. In this article, we will discuss how to construct the division of the line segment, constructions of tringles using scale factor, construction of tangents to a circle with two different cases are discussed here in detail. Go through the below article, to learn the construction procedure.

Dividing a Line Segment

Bisecting a Line Segment

Step 1: With a radius of more than half the length of the line segment, draw arcs centred at either end of the line segment so that they intersect on either side of the line segment.

Step 2: Join the points of intersection. The line segment is bisected by the line segment joining the points of intersection.

PQ is the perpendicular bisector of AB

2) Given a line segment AB, divide it in the ratio m:n, where both m and n are positive integers.

Suppose we want to divide AB in the ratio 3:2 (m=3, n=2)

Step 1: Draw any ray ${AX}^{}$, making an acute angle with line segment ${AB}^{}$.

Step 2: Locate 5 (= m + n) points $A_1,A_2,A_3,A_{4}and{A}_5$ on AX such that $A{A}_1=A_1{A}_2=A_2{A}_3=A_3{A}_4=A_4{A}_5$

Step 3: Join $B{A}_5.(A_{(m+n)}=A_5)$

Step 4: Through the point $A_3(m=3)$, draw a line parallel to $B{A}_5$ (by making an angle equal to $\angle A{A}_{5}B)$ at $A_3$ intersecting AB at point C.

Then, AC : CB = 3 : 2.

Division of a line segment

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Constructing Similar Triangles

Constructing a Similar Triangle with a scale factor

Suppose we want to construct a triangle whose sides are 3/4 times the corresponding sides of a given triangle

Steps of Construction:

Step 1: Draw any ray ${BX}^{}$ making an acute angle with side ${BC}^{}$  (on the side opposite to the vertex A).

Step 2: Mark 4 consecutive distances(since the denominator of the required ratio is 4) on ${BX}^{}$  as shown.

Step 3: Join $B_{4}C$ as shown in the figure.

Step 4: Draw a line through $B_3$ parallel to $B_{4}C$ to intersect BC at C’.

Step 5: Draw a line through C’ parallel to AC to intersect AB at  A’. $\Delta A^{\prime }B{C}^{\prime }$ is the required triangle.

The same procedure can be followed when the scale factor > 1.

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There are two cases while constructing a triangle similar to a given triangle as per the given scale factor. They are:

Case 1:  The triangle to be constructed is smaller than the given triangle, and the scale factor is less than 1. 

Case 2: The triangle to be constructed is larger than the given triangle, and the scale factor is greater than 1.

Here, the scale factor means the ratio of the triangle sides to be constructed with the corresponding sides of the given triangle.

Drawing Tangents to a Circle

Tangents: Definition

A tangent to a circle is a line which touches the circle at exactly one point.

For every point on the circle, there is a unique tangent passing through it.

PQ is the tangent, touching the circle at A

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Number of Tangents to a circle from a given point

i) If the point is in an interior region of the circle, any line through that point will be a secant. So, in this case, there is no tangent to the circle.

AB is a secant drawn through the point S

ii) When the point lies on the circle, there is accurately only one tangent to a circle.

PQ is the tangent touching the circle at A

iii) When the point lies outside of the circle, there are exactly two tangents to a circle.

PT1 and PT2 are tangents touching the circle at T1 and T2

Drawing tangents to a circle from a point outside the circle

To construct the tangents to a circle from a point outside it.

Consider a circle with centre O and let P be the exterior point from which the tangents to be drawn.

Step 1: Join the ${PO}^{}$ and bisect it. Let M be the midpoint of ${PO}^{}$.

Step 2: Taking M as the centre and MO(or MP) as radius, draw a circle. Let it intersect the given circle at the points Q and R.

Step 3: Join PQ and PR

Step 3:${PQ}^{}$ and ${PR}^{}$ are the required tangents to the circle.

Drawing Tangents to a circle from a point on the circle

To draw a tangent to a circle through a point on it.

Step 1: Draw the radius of the circle through the required point.
Step 2: Draw a line perpendicular to the radius through this point. This will be tangent to the circle.

Watch The Below Video To Understand The Construction of Tangents To The Circle

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